Corporate Interest Restriction (CIR) -Fixed Ratio Method
The Fixed Ratio Method (FRM) is the default method used under the Corporate Interest Restriction (CIR) rules for calculating a
Sterling & Wells
December 11, 2025
Meet the author
Sterling & Wells
We are Sterling & Wells — a UK-based team of accountants and tax advisors helping individuals and businesses stay fully HMRC compliant. From VAT and bookkeeping to self-assessments and tax planning, we’ve got your finances covered.
Making Tax Digital for Sole Traders: Detailed Guide
Making Tax Digital (MTD) is a government initiative designed to modernize the way taxes are managed in the UK. For sole traders, this initiative is particularly important, as it shifts you from the traditional annual paper-based tax return to a fully digital system.
Sterling & Wells
December 10, 2025
How Long Does HMRC Tax Refund Take?
The time it takes to receive a tax refund from HMRC varies considerably depending on how you’ve claimed and the circumstances of your refund.
Sterling & Wells
December 10, 2025
What is MTD in Accounting? A Complete Guide
Making Tax Digital (MTD) is a UK government initiative designed to modernise the tax system by moving it entirely online.
Sterling & Wells
December 9, 2025
Christmas Side Hustle Warning: HMRC Reminds Sellers About Tax on Festive Earnings
As holiday markets open and online platforms fill with handmade decorations and seasonal products, thousands of people across the UK
Sterling & Wells
December 9, 2025
Corporate Interest Restriction-Tax Deductions for High-Leverage Property Groups
High leverage is common in the property investment sector – many property investors and groups finance acquisitions with substantial debt,
Sterling & Wells
November 27, 2025
UK Landlord Tax Changes 2026: What Property Owners Should Prepare For
Landlords across the UK are entering a period of major transition as the Government prepares to unveil one of the
Sterling & Wells
November 25, 2025
Corporate Interest Restriction (CIR) – Group Ratio Method
The Group Ratio Method (GRM) is a crucial mechanism within the Corporate Interest Restriction (CIR) regime that allows highly leveraged
Sterling & Wells
November 24, 2025
CIR Compliance: Avoid Penalties & Preserve Interest Relief
The UK’s Corporate Interest Restriction (CIR) regime limits the amount of interest expense that companies in a group can deduct
Sterling & Wells
November 24, 2025